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Polyvinylchloride (PVC) [-(-CH2 -CHCl-)n-] is one of the three most important polymers currently used worldwide. This is because PVC is one of the cheapest polymers to make and has a large range of properties so can be used to make hundreds of products. PVC is formed by the polymerisation of vinyl chloride (chloroethane) monomer units. PVC consists of polar molecules which are attracted to each other by dipole-dipole interactions due to electrostatic attractions of a chlorine atom in one molecule to a hydrogen atom in another atom. These considerable intermolecular attractions between polymer chains make PVC a fairly strong material. Uncompounded PVC is colourless and rigid and possesses poor stability towards heat and light. However, the use of additives/stabilisers enables us to change the properties of the PVC to how we desire. PVC is the second largest commodity plastic after polyethylene with world production currently over 18 million tonnes a year. The chemical process for making PVC involves three steps: first, production of the monomer, vinyl chloride; then the linking of these monomer units in a polymerisation process; and finally the blending of the polymer with additives.
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